The problem-solving process involves finding a solution to a problem by following several steps in a systematic way (= procedures or strategies). This is a structured approach to identify a problem, analyse it, and find and implement an effective solution. This skill typically transcends single disciplines and can be applied in different contexts. This skill involves critical thinking, creativity, and the ability to work through obstacles systematically. Problem-solving also requires adaptability, as not all solutions may work as expected, leading to adjustments and further exploration of alternatives.
The problem-solving steps:
- Defining the problem: This stage articulates what the problem is precisely. Ask questions: What is the problem? When and where does it occur? Who or what is affected by it? Why is it a problem?
- Defining criteria for the main solution: when is the problem really resolved?
- Identifying possible subproblems
- Devise many possible solutions to all subproblems (Divergent phase which involves CREATIVITY)
- Solve all subproblems (Convergent phase which involves CRITICAL THINKING):
- Assess the options: Look at the pros and cons of each possible solution. Consider factors such as limitation and feasibility, cost, time and possible risks or obstacles.
- Weigh consequences: Consider the possible short- and long-term consequences of each solution. Which solution offers the most benefits and has the least adverse effects?
- Make a choice: Choose the best solution based on the analysis. This can be a single solution or a combination of several solutions.
- Integrate partial solutions to all subproblems: implement the solution to the main problem
- Testing, evaluating, and adjusting/optimising the overall solution. Critical thinking comes into play again in this phase.